kashmir (Administered by India) 克什米尔（印控）

The Loved Ones of the Victims of Kashmir Conflict 克什米尔冲突受害者的家人们 The Kashmir conflict is a protracted territorial dispute between India and Pakistan over the contested region of Jammu and Kashmir. Following the partition of India in 1947, both India and Pakistan laid claim to the entire territory of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. This territorial row has triggered three full-scale wars between the two countries, along with multiple armed clashes over the years. Over the past three decades, large-scale direct armed conflicts between India and Pakistan have gradually subsided. Meanwhile, in Indian-administered Kashmir, separatist movements advocating for secession from India and subsequent merger with the Islamic Republic of Pakistan—where Islam is the state religion—and Islamist extremist ideologies have grown increasingly rampant. Separatist armed groups, predominantly composed of local Muslim youths and partially backed by Pakistan, have emerged as the primary force engaging in armed conflicts with Indian troops and law enforcement personnel stationed in Indian-administered Kashmir. Dozens of Indian government soldiers and police officers are ambushed and killed by separatist armed groups every year. In the meantime, the number of separatist militants killed by Indian military and police forces is often several times that of the deceased Indian personnel. The Indian government forces have frequently been accused of excessive use of force during operations to eliminate militants, resulting in heavy casualties among innocent civilians and thus inflicting indelible trauma on countless families who lost their loved ones. On February 14, 2019, a suicide bombing occurred in the Pulwama district of Kashmir. A suicide attacker drove a pickup truck loaded with 300 kilograms of explosives into a bus carrying personnel of India’s Central Reserve Police Force, which was traveling on the Jammu-Srinagar Highway. The attack left 40 police officers dead. As the deadliest assault launched by Muslim separatist armed groups against Indian security forces in the disputed region in decades, this incident triggered a massive escalation of tensions between India and Pakistan, prompting India to subsequently launch airstrikes on the Balakot area of Pakistan. In the aftermath of the incident, the administration led by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a decision on August 5, 2019, to revoke the special status of the state of Jammu and Kashmir—a status that had allowed the state’s legislative assembly to enact its own laws independently in all areas except communications, defense, finance and foreign affairs. On December 11, 2023, India’s Supreme Court ultimately upheld this decision in a vote. Undoubtedly, this ruling will further escalate tensions in the Kashmir region. The death toll from armed conflicts between the Indian military and Pakistan-backed militants is set to surge significantly, and more innocent civilians and families in the region will pay an even heavier price. At the same time, the antagonism between the Indian government and the Muslim community—which constitutes the overwhelming majority of the population in Indian-administered Kashmir—is increasingly evolving into an intractable deadlock. 克什米尔冲突是印度和巴基斯坦之间围绕查谟-克什米尔地区有争议的领土展开的一场旷日持久的争端。 1947 年印巴分治后，印度和巴基斯坦均宣称对前查谟 - 克什米尔土邦全境拥有主权，领土争端先后引发三次印巴战争以及两国间多起武装冲突。在过去三十年间，印巴两国间大规模直接武装冲突逐步减少。随着印控克什米尔地区要求把该地区从印度分裂，进而和以伊斯兰教为国教的巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国合并的分裂主义运动与伊斯兰极端主义思潮愈演愈烈，以当地穆斯林青年为主体，并部分获得巴基斯坦支持的分裂武装，成为与驻守印控克什米尔的印度军队和部队发生武装冲突的主要力量。每年都有数十名印度政府军警遭分裂武装伏击身亡。与此同时，死于印度军警手里的武装分裂分子往往数倍于死亡的印军。印度政府军常被指控在清剿武装分子的过程中存在过度使用武力的行为，造成大量无辜平民伤亡，由此给无数痛失亲人的家庭带来了难以磨灭的创伤。 2019 年 2 月 14 日，克什米尔Pulwama地区发生一起自杀式炸弹袭击事件，一名自杀式袭击者驾驶一辆装满300公斤炸药的皮卡车冲撞一辆在查谟-斯利那加高速公路上行驶的，满载印度中央预备警察部队人员的巴士，造成 40 名警察死亡，这件数十年来该争议地区穆斯林分裂武装组织针对印度安全部队的最严重袭击事件，导致印度和巴基斯坦之间的紧张局势大规模升级，印度随后对巴基斯坦巴拉科特地区发动空袭。事件发生后，印度总理纳伦德拉・莫迪领导的政府于 2019 年 8 月 5 日作出决定，废除查谟 - 克什米尔邦的特殊地位，该特殊地位曾允许查谟 - 克什米尔邦立法议会在通信、国防、财政和外交领域之外，自主制定各项法律。2023 年 12 月 11 日，印度最高法院最终投票裁定支持这一决定。这一裁决无疑将加剧克什米尔地区的紧张局势，印度军方与受巴基斯坦支持的武装分子之间的武装冲突造成的伤亡人数或将大幅上升，该地区更多无辜平民和家庭也将为此付出更加沉重的代价，同时也使印度政府和占印控克什米尔地区人口绝大多数的穆斯林族群之间的对立越来越成为解不开的死结。

Anwer Jan

Anwer Jan’s husband, Ghulam Mohammed Dar, was taken by unknown person from home on September 1, 1993 when he was 37 and never come back home. No one claimed responsibility for his disappearance.

Anwer Jan的·丈夫，Ghulam Mohammed Dar，于 1993 年 9 月 1 日被身份不明人员从家里带走，时年仅37岁。此后他便再也没有回过家。迄今，无人对他的失踪承担责任。

Humayoun Azad and Afzal Azad.

The brother’s father, Shabir Azad, was killed in an encounter between Indian army and local militants in September 1997 when he was 28.. Humayoun was 5 years old and Afzal was 2 months old when their father was killed. The brother's family received 1000 Rupees per month from government as the compensation after their father was killed till September 2011.

这对兄弟的父亲，Shabir Azad，于 1997 年 9 月在印度军队与当地武装分子的一次交火中丧生，时年28岁。父亲遇害时，Humayoun年仅 5 岁，Afzal尚在襁褓中，仅有 2 个月大。父亲离世后，兄弟俩的家庭每月会从政府领取 1000 卢比的抚恤金，这一补贴一直持续到 2011 年 9 月。

Shamla Begum

Shamla Begum’s husband, Fathiq Nagar, was taken by unknown persons on July 5, 1990 when he was 57 and never came back home. No one claimed responsibility for his disappearance.

Shamla Begum的丈夫，Fathiq Nagar，于 1990 年 7 月 5 日被身份不明人员带走，时年57岁，此后便再也没有回过家。迄今，无人对他的失踪承担责任。

Mohmmad Afzal Batti

Mohmmad Afzal Batti’s wife, Taja Jan, was killed in an encounter between Indian army and local militants in December 30, 2018 when she was 31. No one claimed responsibility for her death.

Mohmmad Afzal Batti的妻子，Taja Jan，于 2018 年 12 月 30 日在印度军队与当地武装分子的一次交火中遇难，时年31岁。迄今，无人对她的死亡承担责任。

Mamoor Ahmad

Mamoor Ahmad’s daughter, Sobee Ahmad, was killed in an encounter between Indian army and local militants in July of 2016 when she was 25. No one claimed responsibility for her death.

Mamoor Ahmad的女儿，Sobee Ahmad，于 2016 年 7 月在印度军队与当地武装分子的一次交火中遇难，年仅25岁。迄今，无人对她的死亡承担责任。

Naseema Akhtar

Naseema Akhtar's husband, Sayed Anwar, was taken from the market near his house by unknown persons on July 22, 2000 when he was 26 and never came back. No one claimed responsibility for his disappearance.

Naseema Akhtar的丈夫，Sayed Anwar，于 2000 年 7 月 22 日被身份不明人员从他家附近的集市上带走，时年26岁，此后便再未归家。迄今，无人对他的失踪承担责任。

Fasial Khan

Fasial Khan’s father, Shamasdin Khan, was killed in an encounter between Indian army and local militants in April of 1993 when he was 24. No one claimed responsibility for his death. Peer Khan was 2 years old when his father was killed.

Fasial Khan的父亲，Shamasdin Khan，于 1993 年 4 月在印度军队与当地武装分子的一次交火中遇难，时年24岁。父亲遇害时，Peer Khan年仅 2 岁。迄今，没有人对Peer Khan父亲的死亡承担责任。

Nassma Bagum and her grandson

Nassma Bagum’s son, Bashir Ahmad, was suspected of being a separatist and taken by police in March 2021 when he was 29. Nobody saw him since then. His son, Adil Dar Ahmad was only one year old when Bashir Ahmad was taken away.

Nassma Bagum的儿子，Bashir Ahmad，因被怀疑为分裂分子，于 2021 年 3 月被警方带走，时年29岁。自那以后，再也没有人见过他。Bashir Ahmad被带走的时候，他的儿子Adil Dar Ahmad年仅1岁。

Abdul Ahad Ganie

Abdul Ahad Ganie’s daughter, Hameeda Ganie was killed in an encounter between Indian army and local militants on February 4,2015 when she was 10 years old. No one claimed responsibility for her death.

Abdul Ahad Ganie的女儿，Hameeda Ganie，于 2015 年 2 月 4 日在印度军队与当地武装分子的一次交火中遇难，年仅10岁。迄今，无人对她的死亡事件承担责任。

Insha Mushtaq Lone and her mother

On July 11, 2016, 14-year-old girl Insha was shot in the face at point-blank range by an Indian soldier with a pellet gun. More than 100 pellets were embedded in her head, rupturing her right eye and severely damaging her left. Despite multiple surgical interventions, Insha ultimately lost her vision in both eyes.

Following negotiations between Insha’s family and the government, the authorities pledged to pay Insha a monthly pension of 6,000 rupees as part of the compensation. Additionally, her father was offered a position as a government driver.

In the summer of 2016, Burhan Wani, a popular young leader of an armed group in Indian-administered Kashmir, was killed in an ambush by Indian military and police forces. Wani’s death triggered large-scale riots across the region. To quell the protests, Indian military and police personnel deployed pellet guns—a highly controversial weapon. A pellet gun is a type of shotgun loaded with 400 to 500 small lead pellets in a single round. The widespread use of this weapon, which can inflict fatal injuries on targets, has left over 200 innocent civilians in Indian-administered Kashmir blinded by pellet wounds to the eyes. Fourteen-year-old Insha Mushtaq Lone was among them.

2016 年 7 月 11 日，14 岁的女孩Insha被一名印度士兵近距离用霰弹枪击中面部，射入Insha头部的霰弹弹丸超过 100 颗，她的右眼爆裂、左眼严重受损，虽经多次手术治疗，但最终Insha依然双目失明。

经过Insha家人和政府协商，政府承诺每月向Insha支付 6000 卢比抚恤金，作为赔偿的一部分，她的父亲获得了一份政府司机的工作。

2016 年夏天，印控克什米尔地区颇有名望的武装组织年轻头目Burhan Wani 被印度军警伏击身亡，Burhan Wani 的死引发了该地区大规模骚乱。印度军警在镇压抗议活动时，使用了霰弹枪这种颇具争议的武器。霰弹枪是一种一次可以装填400 至 500 颗铅制小弹丸的猎枪，这种可以给被射击对象带来致命伤害的武器的广泛使用，造成了印控克什米尔地区超过200名无辜平民眼睛被击中后失明，14 岁的Insha Mushtaq Lone便是其中之一。

Ali Mohammed Dar

Ali Mohammed Dar’s son, Fatha Dar was killed in an encounter between Indian army and local militants in October 7, 2017 when he was 17 years old. No one claimed responsibility for his death.

Ali Mohammed Dar的儿子, Fatha Dar，于 2017 年 10 月 7 日在印度军队与当地武装分子的一次交火中遇难，年仅17岁。迄今，没有人对他的死亡承担责任。

Akbar Hussain

Akbar Hussain was attacked by police dog in an encounter between Indian army and local militants in June of 2001 when she was 22. Her face was severely disfigured and the left eye was permanently blind. The Government pays her an unknown amount of compensation per month.

Akbar Hussain于 2001 年 6 月，在印度军队与当地武装分子的一次遭遇中遭到军方警犬袭击，彼时她年仅 22 岁。袭击造成她面部严重毁容，左眼永久失明。政府每月向她支付一笔金额不明的赔偿金。

Hiba Nisar and her mother

Hiba Nisar was hit by a pellet in her right eye during an encounter between militants and Indian security forces on November 25th, 2018 when she was nineteen-months-old. She iwas then the youngest pellet-gun victim in Kashmir. The government paid the cost of her treatment at SMHS hospital in Srinagar and 4000 rupees compensation to her family per month.

2018 年 11 月 25 日，在武装分裂分子与印度安全部队的一次交火中，年仅 19 个月大的Hiba Nisar右眼被一枚霰弹击中。她由此成为克什米尔地区年龄最小的霰弹枪受害者。政府承担了她在斯利那加 SMHS 医院的全部治疗费用，并每月向其家人支付 4000 卢比抚恤金。

Reefiqa Begum

Reefiqa Begum’s husband, Abdul Rasheed Lone, was taken by unknown person from his office on January 4, 2018 when he was 33 and never come back home. No one claimed responsibility for his disappearance.

Reefiqa Begum的丈夫，Abdul Rasheed Lone，于 2018 年 1 月 4 日被身份不明人员从他的办公室带走，时年 33 岁，此后便再也没有回过家。迄今，无人对他的失踪承担责任。

kashmir (Administered by India) 克什米尔（印控）

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